Yini okufanele ngiyazi mayelana nokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile njengombungazi Wokokuzithokozisa kwe-Airbnb?

Lokhu okuqukethwe kusungulwe yi-Airbnb futhi kuyahambisana I-nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe zokuphepha kokudla ze-Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO)

Ukubungaza okokuzithokozisa okubandakanya ukudla kudinga ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze ugcine izivakashi zakho ziphephile. Kubalulekile ukuthathela phezulu ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile njengoba abantu abanokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile bengaba nokungaphatheki kahle okubucayi, noma okungaze kubeke impilo engozini ngemva kokuchayeka ekudleni okuthile—ngisho noma kukuncane kakhulu.

Ukuchazwa kokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile

Ukungezwani komzimba kokudla okuthile kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba womuntu esabela kuprotheni yokudla evame ukungabi nangozi kwabanye abantu. Lapho le proteni yokudla idliwa, amasosha omzimba akhipha amakhemikhali amaningi, abangela izimpawu ezingaphazamisa ukuphefumula komuntu, inhliziyo, isikhumba kanye nesisu. Okunye ukungezwani komzimba nokudla kungaba bucayi, kubangele ukungaphatheki kahle komzimba okungaba yingozi empilweni okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-anaphylaxis. Alikho ikhambi lokwelapha ukungezwani komzimba nokudla—ngakho-ke, ukugwema ukudla okuthile kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukungaphatheki kahle komzimba.

Ukungezwani komzimba okuvamile nokudla okuthile

Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye okungaphetheki kahle komzimba abangelwa amagciwane okudla ayisishiyagalolunye: amantongomane, amantongomane esihlahla, amaqanda, imikhiqizo yobisi lwenkomo (ubisi), i-sesame, i-shellfish, inhlanzi, i-soy kanye nokolweni. Kodwa-ke, noma yikuphi ukudla kungabanga ukungaphatheki kahle komzimba.

• Ukungezwani komzimba namantongomane: Gwema amantongomane nokudla okuqukethe amantongomane.
• Ukungezwani komzimba namantongomane esihlahla: Gwema ama-alimondi, ama-cashews, ama-walnuts, amantongomane kaphayini, amantongomane e-lichee, namanye amantongomane esihlahla.
• Ukungezwani komzimba ne-shellfish: Gwema izilwane zasolwandle esigabeni se-shellfish (ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks afana ne-shrimp, inkalankala, i-lobster, i-squid, ama-oyster, ama-scallops, nokunye).
• Ukungezwani komzimba nemikhiqizo yobisi: Gwema inhlanzi noma izinto ezenziwe ngayo njengesosi yenhlanzi, uwoyela wezinhlanzi, i-gelatin, ne-roe (qaphela ukuthi inhlanzi ingatholakala futhi kumasosi athile we-Worcestershire, amasosi okosa kanye neminye imikhiqizo).
• Ukungezwani komzimba nobisi: Gwema ubisi, nayo yonke imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngobisi noma equkethe ubisi nezinto ezenziwe ngalo.
• Ukungezwani komzimba neqanda: Gwema iqanda, izinto ezenziwe ngalo kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla equkethe amaqanda njengesithako.
• Ukungezwani komzimba nokolweni: Gwema ukolweni nayo yonke imikhiqizo equkethe ukolweni njengesithako.
• Ukungezwani komzimba ne-soy: Gwema ubhontshisi we-soy kanye nakho konke ukudla okuqukethe imikhiqizo webhontshisi we-soy.

Umehluko phakathi kokungakwazi ukugaya ukudla okuthile kanye nokungezwani komzimba kokudla okuthile

Ukungakwazi ukugaya ukudla okuthile akubandakanyi amasosha omzimba njengoba kwenzeka ngokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile. Ukungabekezeleleki kokudla kuwukungakwazi ukugaya ukudla okuthile, okungabanga ukuphazamiseka nokukhathazeka. Yize kungeyona ingozi empilweni, kusamele kuthathwe njengokubucayi njengoba izimpawu zehluka kuye ngomuntu ngamunye futhi kungabanga isidingo sokuthola usizo lwezempilo. Isibonelo esijwayelekile sokungakwazi ukugaya ushukela osobisini, okuwumphumela wokungabibikho kwe-enzyme (lactase) ebalulekile ekugayweni kobisi nemikhiqizo yobisi.

Izimbangela zokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile

Okuningi ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile kubangelwa ukudliwa kweprotheni yokudla, kodwa-ke okunye ukungezwani komzimba nokudla kubangelwa ngisho nawukukuthinta noma ukukuhogela. Ngisho nokuchayela okungatheni kungaholela ekuphathekeni okubucayi komzimba, ngakho-ke, njengombungazi, kubalulekile ukuthi unakisise ngokuthe xaxa futhi uqonde izidingo ezithile zanoma yiziphi izivakashi ezinokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile.

Enye indlela yokugwema ukubangela ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile ukuvimbela ukudungeka kokudla yigciwane elivela kokunye ukudla. Ukudungeka kokudla yigciwane elivela kokunye ukudla kwenzeka lapho amaphrotheni avela ekudleni okuqukethe unobangela wegciwane lokudla elidluliselwa ekudleni okungenawo lowo nobangela.

Ukudungeka kokudla yigciwane elivela kokunye ukudla kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngezindlela ezingu-3:

• Ukudla-ekudleni Lapho ukudla okunonobangela wegciwane lokudla kuhlangana noma kuconsela kokunye ukudla
• Ukudla okythintwa yisandla: Lapho ukudla kuphathwa ngumpheki noma umuntu ophaka isidlo
• Ukudla nensiza yokusebenza: Lapho izitsha zihlanganyelwa phakathi kokudla okungenawo unobangela wegciwane lokudla kanye nokudla okuqukethe unobangela wegciwane lokudla

Ukusingatha ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile ezivakashini

Ukuxhumana, ukuhlela kusengaphambili, nendlela olungiselela ngayo, opheka ngayo, nokuhlanza konke kuyizici ezibalulekile zokugcina izivakashi ezinokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile ziphephile. Ngezansi kunamacebiso athile okusingatha isinyathelo ngasinye.

Ngaphambi kokokuzithokozisa

• Qiniseka ngokugcina imininingwane yemikhawulo yokudliwayo yokokuzithokozisa kwakho ingeyakamuva. Ungakwazi ukwengeza noma uhlele imikhawulo yakho yokudla ngokuhlela izinto zokudla esigabeni esithi “engizokuhlinzeka" ngokokuzithokozisa kwakho okufakiwe.
• Kungumqondo omuhle ukubuza izivakashi ukuthi zinako yini ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile, futhi uzitshele ngemininingwane ehlobene nokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile kuwo wonke umuntu ozobamba iqhaza ekulungiseleleni, ekuphekeni, noma ekuphakeni ukudla kokokuzithokozisa kwakho.
• Ngezivakashi eziveze ukuthi zinokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile, buza imibuzo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uyakuqonda ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile—ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile akufani futhi akudingi izinga elifanayo lokukwelapha. Futhi gcina irekhodi eliningiliziwe layo yonke imininingwane ehlobene.
• Uma ungaqiniseki ngekhono lakho lokuhlinzekela ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile noma umkhawulo wokudla, qiniseka ukuthi lokhu ukutshela izivakashi ngokucacile. Vumela izivakashi zizithathele izinqumo zazo mayelana nokuthi zisengakwazi yini ukubamba iqhaza kokokuzithokozisa.

Futhi, lapho izivakashi zifika kokokuzithokozisa okubandakanya ukudla, kuhlale kuwumkhuba omuhle ukubuza futhi ukuthi ukhona yini umuntu onanoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile noma imikhawulo yokudliwayo ukuze izivakashi zizokwazi ukuzithathela izinqumo zazo.

Ukuhlela kusengaphambili

• Hlola futhi uhlole ngokuphindiwe ukuthi usazi kahle isithako ngasinye esisetshenzisiwe kuyo yonke ingxenye yokokuzithokozisa kwakho kokudla, bese wenza uhlu lwezithako lutholakale ezivakashini. Naka ngokukhethekile noma yiziphi izithako okulula ukuziphutha ezingaba yinkinga—isib: amanye amasosi aqukethe i-gluten, kuvame ukuba nebhotela emaphikweni ohlobo lwe-buffalo, kanye nama-anchovies kumasaladi e-Caeser nesosi ye-Worcestershire iwenza kungadlalelwa kuwo kumuntu onokungezwani komzimba nenhlanzi.
• Yenza izidlo zilungele zonke izivakashi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, cabangela ezinye izindlela ezingase zisetshenziswe, njengokupheka izidlo ezingenawo unobangela wegciwane lokudla kuqala ngezinto zokupheka ezihlanzekile.
• Yiba nendawo ehlukile yokusebenzela ekhishini lakho ukuze ulungiselele izidlo ezingenawo unobangela wegciwane lokudla. Sebenzisa imishini ehlukene uma kungenzeka.

Ukugwema ukudungeka kokudla yigciwane elivela kokunye ukudla

• Geza izandla zakho ngamanzi afudumele enensipho bese uzomisa kahle ngaphambi kokulungiselela ukudla. (Okokukhuculula izandla ngeke zisuse onobangela.)
• Gcina indawo yokulungiselela, indawo yokudlela, izitsha namathawula kuhlanzekile ngokusebenzisa amanzi afudumele anensipho.
• Yonke imishini yokudla esetshenziselwa ukuphatha nokulungiselela ukudla okuzodliwa ngabantu abanokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile kumele ihlanziswe nangesibulala-magciwane ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
• Sebenzisa amathawula ephepha esikhundleni sezindwangu ukusula okuchithekile kanye nemvuthuluka equkethe onobangela bamagciwane okudla.
• Musa ukusebenzisa kabusha uwoyela wokupheka noma amanzi.
• Musa ukusebenzisa izitsha ezifanayo ukulungiselela ukudla kwabantu abanokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile njengoba uzisebenzisa kubantu abangenako ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile.
• Beka izitsha, amapuleti, namabhodi okusika ngokuqondile esinkini noma emshinini wokugeza izitsha ngokushesha nje ngemva kokusetshenziswa.

Lapho uphaka ukudla

• Uma unesivakashi esinokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile, cela zonke izivakashi ukuthi zigeze izandla zazo ngensipho namanzi lapho zifika.
• Zonke izinsiza ezisetshenziswa ekuphatheni nasekuphakeni ukudla okuzodliwa ngabantu abanokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile kumelwe zihlanzisiswe futhi zihlanzwe ngesibulala-magciwane ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
• Nikeza ngezidlo ezingenawo unobangela wegciwane lokudla kuqala ukugwema ukudideka, nasemapuletini akheke ngokwehlukile noma anemibala ukuze abonwe kalula yizivakashi nabanye abantu ababandakanyekayo.
• Khumbuza izivakashi ukuthi zingabelani ngokudla neziphuzo.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza

• Sebenzisa amanzi afudumele anensipho ukuhlanza noma yini esetshenziswe ngenkathi yokulungiselela, yokupheka, noma yokuphaka ukudla, noma yokudla, kuhlanganise:
  • Izindawo ezingamatafula kanye nanoma iyiphi enye indawo yokulungiselela ukudla
  • Izinsiza zokulungiselela nokupheka njengezindishi, amabhodwe, amapani nezinto zokudla
  • Amathileyi okuhambisa ukudla nanoma yiziphi izitsha nezinto zokudla ezisetshenziselwa ukudla
  • Izimfaduko namathawula etiye
• Uma usebenzisa indawo yokosa inyama, qiniseka ukuthi uhlanzisisa isisefo sokosa futhi ucabangele ukusebenzisa i-foil noma ipani lesisefo sokosa ukuze ulungiselele ukudla kwezivakashi zakho ukuze ukwazi ukuyilahla kalula uma uqeda

Esimweni esiphuthumayo

Uma isivakashi esinokungezwani komzimba nokudla okuthile sigula, singaba sesimweni se-anaphylaxis, nokuwukungaphatheki kahle komzimba okubucayi nokusongela impilo. Esimweni esiphuthumayo, thintana namaphoyisa endawo noma abezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha. Qiniseka ukuthi unezinombolo zokuxhumana ezitholakala kalula. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokumelwe ukwenze esimweni esiphuthumayo .

Uma ungaqiniseki ngezici zokudla phakathi kokuzithokozisa kwakho, hlola nomnyango wezempilo wangakini noma ukhulume nommeli ukuze uxoxe ngokokuzithokozisa kwakho nokuhambisana kwako nemithetho yendawo.